Skin
The three-dimensional human skin models are used for the skin irritation and skin corrosion test and comprise in the simplest case a reconstructed epidermis with a functional stratum corneum. We address companies that wish to comply with the provisions of the European Union chemicals regulation REACH and the European Union directive on the protection of animals used for experimental and scientific purposes. In addition, this is essential for the cosmetically industry. As from March 2009 in the European Union starting materials for cosmetics may no longer be tested on animals (7th Amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive).
Barrier models: Cell barriers are polar organized cell layers between different compartments that protect the body and control the selective uptake of substances. For instance, epithelial cell barriers are located in the intestine, lung and skin. Active and passive transport of molecules and ions occur from the apical to the basolateral side and vice versa. This requires passage either through the cells (transcellular route) or between the cells and thus through junctional complexes (paracellular route).